Resuscitator using separate air and oxygen sources



H. SEELER Nov. 11 11, 1952 RESUSCITATOR USING SEPARATE AIR AND OXYGENSOURCES Filed Dec. 28, 1951 f J P N flu d Md 7 5 a 4 5 5 z a i 7 Z m1 0w 3 3 2 V5 W/ Hl /i/l/Vlllv y i a? 7,. z; & w/lizgllfl I M a H W v V m BPatented Nov. 11, 1952 UNITED- STATES. PATENT OFFICE RESUSCITATOR USINGSEPARATE AIR AND OXYGEN SOURCES Henry S eeler, Dayton, OhioApplicationDecernber 28, 19 1, Serial-No. 264,009

5 Claims. (01. 128-29) (Granted under the act of March 3-, 1883, as

"amended April 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) The invention described hereinmay be manufactured and used by or for the United States Government forgovernmental purposes without yme me o a roya i her Thepresent inventionrelates to a resuscitator using separate air and oxygen sources. andparticularly relates to certain improvements over a resuscitator asdisclosed in my copending application Serial No. 212,818 filed onFebruary 26, 1951, now Reissue Patent No. 23,496.

The primary object of thep-resent invention is to provide a resuscitatorof the kind which ineludes an aspirator into which flows air. underpressure suitable for use in resuscitating human patients and wherein acrank actuated butterfly valvewithin the aspirator is automaticallymoved from an open to a closed position and vice versa by the action of,a pressure responsive means coupled to an overcenter spring meansassociated with the crank actuated valve and wherein an oxygen supplytube extends into the resuscitator and includes a butterfly valve in thetube. coupled. to the crank operating means of the aspirator butterflyvalve in such a manner that when the aspirator valve is open the oxygenvalve is closed and vice versa, whereby the. aspirator valve when openallowsair to flow through the aspirator to produce a, suction effect inthe resuscitator and when closed causes air to flow laterally from theaspirator into the resuscitator and whereby during the suction phases ofthe aspirator opera tion thepXyg'envalve is closed but during the timethe aspire-tor is diverting air into. the resuscitator the oxygen valveis open to enrich the air reaching'the interior of the resuscitator bvway of the aspirator and thence flowing from the resuscitator to a humanpatient.

The above and'cthe'r objects of the invention will become apparent uponreading the following detailed description "in con unction with theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is cross sectional view of the resuscitator taken on line of Fig.2.

Fig. 2.is a transverse cross sectional View taken throughthe'resuscitator'to show the arrangement of the air and oxygen feedtubes and the interconnected. control valves.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged. elevation view partly in cross section of a'portion of the oxygen supply tube. within the resu'scitator, and istaken on line 33 of Fig. 4.

Fig. l is an enlarged elevation view of a portion of the oxygen su plytube and is taken in "a direction at a right an le to that of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the aspirator. portionof the resuscitator.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of my copending.application Serial No.

212,818, filed February 26, 1951 now Reissue Patent No. 23,496, andentitled Resuscitator.

Referring to the drawing and'particularly Figs. 1 and 2 thereoftheresuscitator includes a main body or housing I of generallycylindrical shape and closed at one end by a screw threaded cap or coverplate 2 having srnall openings 3 therein;

An annular shoulder within the, body provides a seat for a circularinsert 4 a circular diaphragm 5 and, a circular gasket 5 in series andthese elements are. retained in position by the screw cap 2 The insert 4includes a cylindrical extension l having its rim edge. seated in ashallow groove formed in the body I at I. The opposite housing wall andcap Wall areapertured centrally thereof to slidably supporta slidablevalve actuating rod or stem 8 extending through the center of thediaphragm Sand rigidly fixed to a pair of diaphragmsupporting plates ordisks 9.

Projecting from the outer sides of the end housing Wall. and the capwall are tubular projections Ill and H having threaded outer surfaces toadjustably receive spring adjustment caps or knobs l2 and [3. The latterelements include pointer projection I 2' and I3 adapted to move overcircular scales or indices to show therela-tive values of the springforceon the opposite ends of the stem 8, The spring forces'againstopposite ends of the stem determine the positive and negative pressureswhich are achieved during the inhalation and exhalation phases of thebreathing cycle. Centrally of each of the knobs l2. and iii are tubular,portions serving as guides for hollow push buttons or abutment members[4 and I5. Flanges on the inner ends ofthe latter members serve asrneansto retain light compression springs l5, and Ii extending outwardlyWithin the knobs l2 and [3. The springs do not produce resistance toendwise movement of. the stem 8. until the ends of the, stem actuallycontact the end wall portions of the push buttons I 3 and i5, and byadustmen't of. the screw threaded knobs 2 and t3 the amount of lostrrotion between the stem 8 and push buttons Id and I5 can be readilyadjusted. In th position of the stem 8 as shown. the compression springsare unstressed and the push buttons i i and, [5 are free to be pushedfarther inwardly. Thus'the buttons l4 and I5 besides serving as abutmentmeans for opposite ends o the stem '8 have another p111.- pose. In caseof failure of the diaphragm stemactuating means or in case of sticking'of the parts at some point, an attendant may place his thumb and middlefinger on'the respective push buttons and thus'rnanually reciprocate thestem Q at a rate dictated by the normal average rate of respiration.

Extending across the housing I at one side of the central stem 8 is anaspirator I8 comprising an aspirator tube or jet pump tube I9 having aflanged end [9 in engagement with the jet nozzle 2D seated in a portionof the housing I. The other end of tube I9 seats on a short threadedtube 2I which threads into the housing I as shown to hold the tube I9and nozzle in place securely. Held in the outer end of tube 2I by meansof a snap ring is a fine screen 22 to prevent ingress of dirt or foreignobjects. Air reaches the aspirator under pressure by way of a fitting 23which encloses an adjustable flow control valve 24. The valve 24 isreciprocably mounted by provision of a cross-pin 25 riding in lengthwiseslots 26 and the ends of the crosspin take into cam slots in a sleeve 21rigidly connected to a surrounding sleeve 28 having a knurled outersurface to assist in adjusting the endwise setting of the flow controlvalve 24. The member 24 includes an axial air passage 29 extendinglaterally as at 30 to supply a minimum of air flow in case the valveitself should become clogged or due to some maladjustment should beclosed off. The axial passage 29 extends down through a thin stem-likeportion below the tapered valve seating portion of the member 24 and airflowing around or through this stem-like portion is free to produce anaspirating action at the lateral openings 3| in the tube I9 as long asthe tube I9 is open. When the tube I9 is closed by action of thebutterfly valve 32, the air flowing around or through the stem-likeportion of valve member 24 will spill out of the openings 3I into thehousing I for flow to the face mask by way of the t bular fitting 33.Conversely when the valve 32 is open, the air flow into the aspirator I8will cause air and respiration products to be drawn from the housing Iand be ejected to the outside by way of the tubes I 9 and 2I Thebutterfly valve 32 for controlling the action of the aspirator I8 isoperated by means of a crank 34 attached rigidly to the valve andjournaled in the walls of tube I 9. The offset end portion of crank 34is attached to a short tension spring 35 having its opposite endattached to a flattened portion of the slidable stem 8. Thus it will beclear that the stem 8 is moved back and forth by pressure differentialsacting on the diaphragm 5 and this periodic reciprocation of the stemacts through the coil spring 35 to shuttle the crank 34 back and forthbetween the two positions shown in Fig. 1.

The crank 34 also serves to operate a second b tterfly valve 36 in anoxygen supply tube 31 extending into the housing I from the outside forthe nurpose of enriching the air flow to the face mask during inhalationphases of the breathing cycle. A small choke plug 38 in the tube 31 maybe re laced when desired to provide a desired rate of oxygen fiowdepending on the inlet pressure. The tube 31 is threaded into one wallof the housing I as at 39 in line with the outlet tube 33 leading to theface mask. In threading the tube into the housing wall, the tube may beinserted through fitting 33 and thus screw threaded into position asshown. Oxygen flowing down tube 31 when the valve 36 is open may flowdirectly into fitting 33 and thence to the face mask. The valve 35 isactuated through a shaft 40 (see Figs. 3 and 4) having a small block 4|clamped therearound. The shaft 40 is retained in place by a forked strip42 which fits down around an annular groove in the shaft and the stripis secured in place on the ou side i the tube 31 by means of a screw 43.Fixed on the block 4| is a short spring arm 44 extending into rigidconnection with a fork 45 which fits around the projecting end of crank34. The arrangement (see Fig. 2) is such that the valve 38 is closedwhen the valve 32 is open and vice versa. The spring arm 44 permits ofsome maladjustment of the parts and also allows the crank to swingfarther at both limits of movement than would be required to open andclose the oxygen valve 36, thus preventing binding or sticking of theparts.

In my copending application as identified above oxygen is applied to theaspirator both for inducing suction and for feeding oxygen to the facemask. However, when oxygen under pressure is expended merely to producesuction, as during the exhalation phase of the breathing cycle, thiswill represent a loss of a costly commodity. This loss would be mostserious where there was only a limited supply of bottled oxygen, as onaircraft. In any case ordinary compressed air can accomplish theaspirating action fully as well as oxygen gas. Thus, in the presentimproved resuscitator only compressed air is fed to the aspirator andacts in producing suction as well as supplying air to the face maskduring the exhalation and inhalation phases respectively of thebreathing cycle. However, during the inhalation phase the supplementaloxygen fed in by way of tube 3'! acts to enrich the air and improve theresuscitating action of the gases flowing to the face mask. As iscustomary in oxygen resuscitation, the oxygen supplied to the inlet tube31 may have a small proportion of carbon dioxide mixed therewith. Thishas a stimulating effect on the nerve centers which govern naturalbreathing.

The mode of operation of the resuscitator is rather obvious, especiallyin view of the simplicity of the device. Starting with the parts in theposition of Fig. 2, the air flowing into the fitting 23 passes freelydown to the aspirator I8 and since the air valve 32 is open there willbe a suction developed at the openings 3I. This suction will draw theproducts of respiration out of the patients lungs and simulate naturalexhalation. As the lungs become emptied the pressure inside the housingI will be reduced below atmospheric and the atomsphere acting on theleft side of the diaphragm 5 will gradually push the stem 8 to the right(Fig. 1). As the axis of coil spring 35 passes the axis of rotation ofcrank 34, the spring snaps the crank to the dotted line position of Fig.1, thus closing air valve 32 and opening oxygen valve 36 at the sametime. Now the inhalation phase of the breathing cycle starts, since theair is spilled laterally from the ports 3| and mixes with oxygen flowingto the lungs by way of tube 31 and fitting 33. As the lungs fill up witha fresh charge of air and oxygen the pressure in housing I will increaseabove atmospheric. This increased pressure acting on the right side ofdisphragm 5 pushes the stem 8 to the left and through spring 35 shuttlesthe valve operating crank 34 back to the original position. These backand forth movements of stem 8 are resisted by the compression spring I6and I1 as soon as the opposite ends of the stem contact the domed outerends of push buttons I4 and I5. Thus by careful adjustment of knobs I2and I3 the values of the positive and negative pressures in the housingI immediately prior to reversal of the stem 8 may be determined veryaccurately. Also by adjustment of the flow regulating valve 24 the rateof air flow may be adjusted to determine the cycling rate of theresuscitator for a given patient. The larger the lung capacity, thegreater the rate of flow which will be required to fill the lungs in agiven time.

The embodiment of the invention herein shown and described is to beregarded as illustrative only and it is to be understood that theinvention is susceptible of variations, modifications and changes withinthe scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A resuscitator comprising, a, housing defining a gas receivingchamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providinga gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, meansproviding a fitting on a, wall of said housing connecting with saidchamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspiratorextending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet andincluding spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gasreceiving chamber, a movably mounted valve in said aspirator downstreamfrom said ports, a valve operating means in said housing responsive tochanges in pressure therein during inhalation and exhalation phases ofthe breath- 2. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defin- I ing a gasreceiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, meansproviding a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere,means providing a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with saidchamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspiratorextending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet andincluding spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gasreceiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspiratordownstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet intosaid housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means, andvalve operating means in said housing responsive to changes in pressuretherein during inhalation and exhalation phases of the breathing cycleto open the first valve and close the second valve and vice versa as thepressure in said chamber rises and falls.

3. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receivingchamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providinga gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, meansproviding a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with saidchamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspiratorextending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet andincluding spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into \-c iiirises and falls, and two separate adjustable biasing means acting inopposition on said valve operating means to determine maximum andminimum pressures in said chamber during said inhalation and exhalationphases of the breathing cycle.

4. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receivingchamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providinga gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, meansproviding a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with saidchamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspiratorextending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet andincluding spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gasreceiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspiratordownstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet intosaid housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means,valve operating means in said housing having connections to said firstmovably mounted valve and to said second movably mounted valve andrelated thereto so as to close one valve upon opening the other valveand vice versa, a slidably mounted rod in said housing, means responsiveto changes in pressure in said chamber for moving said rod in oppositedirections as the pressure in said chamber rises and falls, andresilient means connected between said valve operating means and saidrod to actuate first valve from closed to open position and vice versaand to actuate said second valve from open to closed position and viceversa as said rod is moved in opposite directions by the action ofrising and falling pressure in said chamber.

5. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receivingchamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providinga gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere. meansproviding a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with saidchamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspiratorextending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet andincluding spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into gasreceiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspiratordownstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet intosaid housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means,valve operating means in said housing havin connections to said firstmovably mounted valve and to said second movably mounted valve andrelated thereto so as to close one valve upon opening the other valveand vice versa, a slidably mounted rod in said housing, means responsiveto changes in pressure in said chamber for moving said rod in oppositedirections as the pressure in said chamber rises and falls, resilientmeans connected between said valve operating means and said rod to.actuate said first valve from closed to open position and vice versa andto actuate said second valve from open to closed position and vice versaas said rod is moved in opposite directions by the action of rising andfalling pressure in said chamber, and separate adjustable rod biasingmeans at opposite ends of said rod for biasing said rod in oppositedirections.

HENRY SEELER.

No references cited.

